Iraqi government forces revived a stalled ground operation to retake Tikrit Thursday following US-led air strikes that paved the way but left the anti-jihadist camp deeply divided.

Wary of being seen as cosying up to Iran's proxies, Washington conditioned its intervention on an enhanced role for regular government forces in the fight against the Islamic State group.

The Tehran-backed paramilitary groups that had done the heavy lifting in the Tikrit operation so far threatened to pull out of it completely, accusing the US of "hijacking victory".

The operation to retake Tikrit was launched on March 2 but had failed to dislodge a relatively small number of IS fighters who have hemmed themselves in with thousands of bombs for a last stand in the city centre.

"The assault on the last (IS-held) pocket of Tikrit started from the southern front, in Awja," a brigadier general in the Tikrit area told AFP.

He said Iraqi forces were also attacking from the west and north and were repairing a bridge over the Tigris that IS recently blew up to pile further pressure from the east.

The forces involved in the fighting include the volunteer Popular Mobilisation units, Shiite militia groups, the army's counter-terrorism force as well as interior ministry units.

Iraqi air strikes had, by Baghdad's own admission, not been good enough to break the back of IS resistance.

"Now the operation to take Tikrit really begins," one US defence official told AFP.

- French and Iraqi strikes -

The Pentagon has said its technological edge would allow for precision strikes that can spare civilian lives and infrastructure.

The exact number of civilians trapped inside Tikrit is unclear but a Red Crescent spokesman last week said "no more than 30,000, probably quite a bit less".

Iraqi Defence Minister Khaled al-Obeidi said Iraqi Sukhoi fighter jets also pounded Tikrit Thursday.

And a spokesman in Paris announced the French air force took part in the coalition raids that began late Wednesday.

"The ongoing Iraqi and coalition air strikes are setting the conditions for offensive action to be conducted by Iraqi forces currently surrounding Tikrit," Terry said.

The US military said the first wave of coalition air raids consisted of 17 strikes that struck buildings, bridges, checkpoints, staging areas, berms and a command post.

Washington had expressed strong reservations over the leading role played in the Tikrit operation by Shiite militia groups, some of which have been accused of serious abuses.

Iran's top commander in charge of external operations, Qassem Suleimani, has been ubiquitous on the Salaheddin front lines and is perceived by many Iraqis as the brain behind Iraq's ground operations.

But the Pentagon insisted Washington remained Baghdad's most precious partner in the war to reclaim the vast regions of Iraq IS conquered last summer.

- Militias threaten pullout -

"Reliable, professional, advanced military capabilities are something that very clearly and very squarely reside with the coalition," spokesman Colonel Steven Warren said Wednesday.

Lloyd Austin, a top US general, said militia groups had already "pulled back" but it was not immediately clear from sources on the ground where.

The militias vehemently criticised Baghdad's decision to call fort US help and held meetings among themselves to decide on the future of their involvement in the Tikrit assault.

"This operation (US-led strikes) has negative results," said Jassem al-Jazaeri, a top political official from Kataeb Hezbollah, one of the main militia groups in Iraq.

"The government might come to realise this in the coming days. We hope they will reconsider and not submit to foreign pressure," he said, speaking to his group's Etejah TV channel.

One group threatened to turn against Americans while another said it would "boycott" any operation in which the United States is involved.

Tikrit holds both strategic and symbolic importance.

It was the hometown of executed dictator Saddam Hussein, the remnants of whose Baath party collaborated with IS last summer.

And it is seen as a key stepping stone to recapturing Iraq's second city Mosul, the jihadists' largest hub.

The International Crisis Group warned that, so far, advances against IS paradoxically risked undermining what is left of the Iraqi state.

In a brief entitled "Defeating the Iraqi state, one victory at a time", the think tank said it was crucial to re-empower local elites, build credible local forces and provide services in recently reconquered areas.

"This will only be possible if Iran... and the US... pursue this objective instead of investing respectively solely in militias and disintegrating state institutions such as the army as the expedient answers to the jihadi threat," it said.

Arab foreign ministers agree on joint military force
Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt (AFP) March 26, 2015 - Arab foreign ministers meeting in Egypt agreed Thursday on the formation of a joint military force, the Arab League chief and the Egyptian foreign minister said.

The plan forms part of a draft resolution to be submitted to Arab leaders at a weekend summit in Egypt's Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh.

The ministers "agreed on an important principle, to establish the force," Arab League secretary general Nabil al-Arabi told a news conference.

"This is the first time that a force will be created and work under the name of Arab states," he said, describing the move as "historic".

Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry said the agreement was unanimous.

The rapid response force envisaged by the Arab League will work to counter "terrorists," Arabi told AFP in a recent interview.

The issue was brought to the fore by Saudi-led air strikes overnight against Shiite Huthi rebels in Yemen.

Other Gulf Arab states, Egypt, Jordan and Morocco have said they are participating in the campaign.

The draft, seen by AFP, said the force would be carry out "rapid response operations" against threats to Arab states.

Arabi will be tasked with meeting Arab military representatives to work out the details of the force, the draft said.