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IRAQ WARS
For Iraqis, British war inquiry changes little
By Safa Majeed
Baghdad (AFP) July 6, 2016


Key dates in Iraq since US invasion
London (AFP) July 6, 2016 - A British report sharply criticised former prime minister Tony Blair Wednesday for committing the country to a US-led war in Iraq in 2003.

The Chilcot report said British officials did not explore all options before sending troops to Iraq, and that Blair based his decision on faulty intelligence regarding an Iraqi programme to develop weapons of mass destruction.

Here are key dates in the US and British presence in Iraq:

-- 2003 --

March 20: US-led forces of which British troops comprise the second biggest contingent begin onslaught against Iraq, which they accuse of harbouring weapons of mass destruction.

March 25: "There is absolutely no doubt at all that these weapons of mass destruction exist," Blair says.

May 1: US President George W. Bush announces the end of major combat operations under a "Mission Accomplished" banner.

October 2: US admits no weapons of mass destruction found.

December 13: Iraqi president Saddam Hussein is captured.

-- 2004 --

April 28: Photographs emerge of US forces humiliating inmates at Abu Ghraib prison.

June 28: The US-led administration hands political power back to Iraq.

-- 2005 --

January 30: Iraqis vote in the first multi-party election in 50 years despite deadly attacks.

-- 2006 --

July: The US transfers to Iraq the security control of the country.

December 30: Saddam is hanged.

-- 2007 --

February 21: Britain says it will begin pulling its 7,100 troops out of Iraq. Blair makes his eighth and last visit to Iraq on May 19 and by the end of the year, four southern provinces placed under British oversight have been transferred back to Iraqi sovereignty.

-- 2009 --

January 1: The US transfers control of Baghdad's high-security Green Zone.

April 30: British forces formally end combat operations in Iraq. The number of British troops in Iraq peaked at 46,000 and about 120,000 served there from 2003-2011.

John Chilcot begins his formal investigation into Britain's participation three months later.

-- 2011 --

May 22: The last British troops, navy personnel who trained Iraqi counterparts to defend territorial waters and offshore oil installations, officially leave Iraq.

Since then, the US has authorised the presence of more than 4,000 troops in Iraq to help fight the Islamic State (IS) group. US casualties since the 2003 invasion are around 4,500 dead. Iraqi dead are estimated at more than 100,000 civilians and 20,000 soldiers.

For Iraqis, a British war inquiry criticising former premier Tony Blair means little as, whoever is to blame, they are still suffering the devastating consequences of the 2003 US-led invasion.

The Chilcot report was released just days after one of the deadliest bombings ever to hit the country tore through a crowded shopping area in Baghdad, killing at least 250 people.

The attack was claimed by the Islamic State jihadist group, which includes members of Saddam Hussein's toppled regime and has its roots in the insurgency that began after the dictator's overthrow in 2003.

The 2.6 million-word report resulting from an inquiry chaired by John Chilcot, which was seven years in the making, criticised Blair as having taken his country into a badly planned, woefully executed and legally questionable war.

While the report was hotly anticipated in London and has sparked widespread commentary and media attention, the reaction in Baghdad has been somewhat more muted.

"What report?" Iraqi foreign ministry spokesman Ahmed Jamal responded when asked for comment.

For Iraqis, the inquiry is little more than a distant academic exercise.

"The report... will not change anything -- all this is empty talk," said Zainab Hassan, aged 60.

- Thirteen years of bloodshed -

Abbas Salman Mahdi, 56, said the report's conclusion was somewhat less than surprising.

"Of course Britain and America made a mistake in taking part in the war," Mahdi said.

But "this report will not change anything for Iraq," he said.

Ali al-Alaq, a lawmaker from Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi's Dawa party, said whether or not the decision to topple Saddam was correct, it was made and cannot be undone.

"After all this time, I don't believe that this report will have an impact," Alaq said.

"They carried out their mission and toppled Saddam's regime, whether this decision was correct or not, and it had major effects on Iraq," he said.

The invasion that overthrew Saddam -- and a series of disastrous decisions by Washington and its allies that followed -- set the stage for 13 years of bloodshed that plagues the country to this day.

Chief among these were the decisions to disband the Iraqi military and launch a "de-Baathification" programme targeting members of Saddam's party, both of which contributed to the rise of a bloody insurgency.

But the countries that toppled Saddam are not solely responsible for the current disastrous state of affairs.

- Return to Iraq -

Politicians bent on power, self-enrichment and revenge instead of building a viable state, as well as neighbouring countries that backed various armed groups, also played key parts in creating the hellish circumstances in which Iraqis now live.

More than a decade after the fall of Saddam, the Islamic State group overran large areas north and west of Baghdad, sweeping government forces aside and carrying out a slew of atrocities.

The offensive drew the US and Britain, among other countries, back into Iraq to carry out air strikes and provide training and other assistance to help Baghdad regain lost ground.

Despite all that has since transpired, Blair asserted following the release of the report that he "made the right decision and the world is better and safer" because of it.

It is a claim that the huge number of Iraqis who have lost relatives and friends, who have made daily trips to the morgue searching for the missing, who have faced bombings and death squads and kidnappings, would likely dispute.

Ghaith al-Ghaffari, 26, said he too does not believe the report will change anything, and that he would rather see concrete action on the part of those responsible.

"I would like them to truly contribute to the reconstruction of Iraq after they made this mistake," Ghaffari said.

"At the least, it is their duty to truly rebuild the country," he said.


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