"We must achieve: fundamentally joint, network-centric, distributed forces capable of rapid decision superiority and massed effects across the battlespace," Rumsfeld said. "Realizing these capabilities will require transforming our people, processes, and military forces. U.S. forces must leverage information technology and innovative network-centric concepts of operations to develop increasingly capable joint forces. New information and communications technologies hold promise for networking highly distributed, joint and multinational forces."

As military historian and theorist Frederick W. Kagan once suggested, NCW diminished Pentagon angst by providing that framework to transform the force. That is, build everything around the network. The concrete manifestation was investment in precision munitions, the communications and analytical tools needed to provide them with targets, and the platforms needed to launch them.

Rumsfeld was correct to an extent. It may be the most effective killing machine man has yet devised for traditional maneuver warfare of mass formations, fixed targets, massive firepower and the ability to clearly distinguish between combatants and non-combatants.

Initially it worked. Quick victories in Afghanistan and Iraq were largely attributed to the effectiveness of NCW. Rumsfeld noted that because of advanced technology and skill, "the successful campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq took far fewer troops and were executed quicker."

True, but NCW and fewer troops were ill-suited for what was to follow those quick victories, stability operations. The NCW theory did not fully consider an urban insurgency by the rapidly adapting enemy and a "battlefield" not ideally suited to implement it, which is building, not destroying.

By early 2006, the Quadrennial Defense Review attempted to describe the nature of how the Department of Defense needs to transform to meet this new strategic environment. This new setting is one characterized by uncertainly rather than the predictability of the Cold War Era and whose threats may originate as much from non-state players as from traditional nation states.

The type of transformation required to address this new operating environment parallels, to a significant extent, those necessary to train and equip joint forces to execute stability operations. To be successful, stability operations require the ability to shape the environment through the appropriate application of all instruments of national power, build capacity with local partners and integrate more effectively civilian-military operations through ongoing interagency and multinational collaboration facilitated by enhanced technical interoperability.

When military operations are required, they should be done in coordination and sometimes simultaneously with diplomatic, informational and economic efforts, focusing less on kinetics than on the desired effects. The effective use of force requires timely, actionable intelligence and real-time analytics using tailored and flexible force packages in response to conventional or non-conventional threats.

(In Part 2: Military doctrine is experiencing a fundamental shift from the linear approach to "diffused" warfare.)

(Lawrence Sellin, Ph.D., is an Army reservist and an Afghanistan veteran.)

(United Press International's "Outside View" commentaries are written by outside contributors who specialize in a variety of important issues. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of United Press International. In the interests of creating an open forum, original submissions are invited.)

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