For more than 20 years, European researchers and academic institutes have fostered international exchanges of students working in space-related physical sciences. Today, trainees from Russia, China and a variety of Eastern European and former Soviet countries are studying in higher learning institutes around the EU.
"Our experience of international co-operation in the domain of space-related physical sciences started in 1980," explains Bernard Roux of L3M, the department of Modelling and Numerical Simulation in Mechanics at the University of Aix-Marseille-2.
"At that time, bilateral agreements were set up between the CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) and the then-Soviet Space Agency Rosaviakosmos, and between the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) and the Russian Academy of Sciences."
With Perestroika, explains Roux, the exchanges were increased, including visits by Europeans to a number of scientific centres in the former Soviet Union.
"In 1990," he says, "the exchanges were extended at a multinational level, through the European Space Agency (ESA). We were asked by ESA to report on microgravity research activities in the USSR. This report led to a visit by 12 senior European scientists, from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland." The links forged during that historic mission, says Roux, have lasted to this day.
The current crop
Successive initiatives have led to the current trilateral French-German-Russian programme, under which a new Research-Training network (RTN), entitled 'Complex fluid mechanics, high performance computing, modelling and control of processes; space applications', has now been initiated.
This network includes four French, five German and three Russian universities as well as two Institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
It involves the exchange of 24 Russian doctoral students, half granted by French Ministries (the Ministry of Education and Research and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs), and half granted by the German Academic Exchange Service on behalf of the German Ministry of Education and Research. Meanwhile, RTNs have been integrated into larger international research consortia.
Working with China
Student exchanges with China started in 1989 and were quickly followed by research exchanges between L3M and the Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, in particular within the framework of a bilateral Franco-Chinese programme of advanced co-operative research.
This partnership was further extended and new partnerships have been developed involving additional Chinese PhD students and additional Labs in France and Belgium.
In 1998, a new partnership in the area of Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) was initiated with China's ISME (Institute of Space Medico-Engineering), charged with the preparation of the Chinese spaceship Shenzhou. Granted by the French Embassy; the partnership (1999-2003) involved PhD work aimed at investigating ventilation problems.
Looking ahead
