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IRAQ WARS
Amnesty slams use of 'skull-piercing' tear gas grenades in Iraq
by Staff Writers
Baghdad (AFP) Oct 31, 2019

Iraq president says PM willing to resign, vows early polls
Baghdad (AFP) Oct 31, 2019 - Iraqi President Barham Saleh vowed Thursday to hold early parliamentary elections once a new law is passed and said the country's embattled premier would resign if an alternative was found.

The reforms, announced in Saleh's first televised address in weeks, appear unlikely to appease Iraqis protesting in Baghdad and the south to demand an overhaul of the political system.

"I will agree on early elections based on a new electoral law and new electoral commission," Saleh said, adding that the draft would be submitted to parliament next week.

He said Prime Minister Adel Abdel Mahdi was ready to step down but there was so far no one to take his place.

"The prime minister expressed his willingness to submit his resignation, asking the political parties to reach an agreement on an acceptable alternative," Saleh added.

Such a consensus would "prevent a constitutional vacuum," he said.

According to Iraq's 2005 constitution, the prime minister can be put to a vote of no confidence based on a request by either the president or lawmakers.

It does not address what happens if the premier resigns.

Abdel Mahdi, 77, came to power a year ago through a tenuous partnership between populist cleric Moqtada Sadr and paramilitary leader Hadi al-Ameri.

Sadr had called for the PM to resign and for early elections to be held, but Abdel Mahdi dismissed his demands in a letter earlier this week.

"If the goal of elections is to change the government, then there is a shorter way: for you to agree with Mr. Ameri to form a new government," Abdel Mahdi wrote.

In Tahrir Square, the main protest camp in Baghdad, Haydar Kazem, 49, said he was unconvinced.

"The problem is with the ruling parties, not with Abdel Mahdi," he said.

According to Iraq's complex confessional system, the prime minister is Shiite Muslim, the president is a Kurd and the speaker of parliament is Sunni Muslim.

The entrenched political class is often subject to competing influence from Tehran on one side and Washington on the other.

Iraqi security forces are using "skull-piercing" tear gas canisters against protesters, killing at least five in an unprecedented use of the weapon, Amnesty International said on Thursday.

Anti-government demonstrations have rocked the Iraqi capital and its south this month, leaving more than 250 people dead so far -- around half of them in the capital.

Amnesty said an investigation it carried out showed that security forces in Baghdad had deployed military-grade tear gas canisters "to kill rather than disperse protesters".

"All the evidence points to Iraqi security forces deploying these military-grade grenades against protesters in Baghdad, apparently aiming for their heads or bodies at point-blank range," said Amnesty's Lynn Maalouf.

"This has had devastating results, in multiple cases piercing the victims' skulls, resulting in gruesome wounds and death after the grenades embed inside their heads," said Maalouf, Middle East research director.

The rights watchdog said the tear gas grenades being used were two variants from Bulgaria and Serbia, which are "up to 10 times heavier than regular tear gas canisters".

When fired directly at protesters they cause "horrific injuries and deaths", it added.

Demonstrators have told AFP that tear gas canisters deployed during the last week of protests were reaching further, causing more severe asphyxiation and trauma wounds than those used in earlier rallies.

A doctor in Baghdad said it was "the first time" he had seen puncture wounds from tear gas grenades, even after treating casualties from rallies in previous years.

"We can tell they have been hit by the grenades from the smell. If they're still alive, we search for the wound and try to pull out the grenade," the doctor told AFP.

"It's clear that it's a direct hit," he added.

Horrifying footage also circulated on social media showing young men with their eyes, mouths or other body parts smoking after apparently being hit with tear gas canisters.

Amnesty said it had verified several of those videos as well as CAT-scan imagery from medical workers in Baghdad showing entire grenades embedded in the skulls of victims.

It confirmed five deaths due to the grenades in as many days, with military experts, medics and forensic pathologists saying the "horrific nature" of the casualties was "unprecedented".

The Iraqi Human Rights Commission said it had documented 100 deaths since a second wave of protests erupted on October 24, due to tear gas, trauma wounds from the canisters and live ammunition.

An earlier six-day round of rallies was even deadlier, with at least 157 killed, according to an official probe.

A security source told AFP Iraqi police had complained they "were not trained to deal with such large mass protests".

Amnesty urged the police to immediately stop using these weapons.

"What we've documented with these grenades in Baghdad goes far beyond misuse of a 'safer' weapon -- the very design of the grenades being used is maximising the horrific injuries and death," said Maalouf.


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Iraq: The first technology war of the 21st century


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IRAQ WARS
Iraq's Moqtada Sadr: cleric and kingmaker
Baghdad (AFP) Oct 30, 2019
Whether in protests, elections, secret negotiations or government formations, one man always seems to have the last word in Iraq's tumultuous political scene: sharp-tongued cleric Moqtada Sadr. The onetime militiaman has earned himself a cult-like following in Iraq which he can mobilise with a single tweet to crown - or bring down - a government. He appeared to do just that this week, endorsing mass protests in Iraq that have demanded the collapse of a government he himself brought to power on ... read more

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