The South Asian nations in February resumed a cautious dialogue that had been cut off since the November 2008 siege of India's financial capital, which was blamed on the Pakistan-based extremist movement Lashkar-e-Taiba.

The two nuclear powers did not plan talks during a 47-nation summit on nuclear security in Washington. But Pakistani Prime Minister Yousef Raza Gilani shook hands with his Indian counterpart Manmohan Singh at a dinner reception.

Diplomats from the two nations said the prime ministers exchanged little more than pleasantries and did not hold substantive discussions.

But Pakistan's Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi voiced hope for extensive diplomacy, saying it was "the only way forward" between the two countries.

"We have to look beyond Mumbai. Mumbai was sad, Mumbai was tragic, but we are as much victims of terrorism as India is and so this terrorist threat becomes a common challenge," Qureshi told reporters.

He appealed to US President Barack Obama to "nudge" the two nations together, voicing concern about the views of both India's ruling Congress Party and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the Hindu nationalist opposition.

"Prime Minister Manmohan Singh means well. We have no doubt about that," Qureshi said.

"But the problem is that he has not been able to carry domestic politics along within the Congress Party and the BJP," he said.

The BJP "has been very hawkish on him, I think unfair to him, and unfair to the region because... coexistence is the most sensible way forward," Qureshi said.

Indian investigators have found that Lashkar-e-Taiba handlers based in Pakistan orchestrated the chilling attacks on a top hotel, bar and Jewish center in Mumbai, which left 166 people dead.

Singh has also asked Obama to use his influence, on Sunday asking him to pressure Pakistan to rein in anti-Indian militants.

Singh told Obama "that unfortunately there was no will on the part of the government of Pakistan to punish those responsible for the terrorist crimes in Mumbai," Indian Foreign Secretary Nirupama Rao said Sunday.

US authorities have welcomed what they see as Pakistan's growing resolve to fight against homegrown and Afghan Taliban.

But the United States has also encouraged Pakistan to do more against Lashkar-e-Taiba, which some experts believe Islamabad's powerful military and intelligence service find useful to pit against India.

Gilani confirmed that Obama raised Singh's concerns to him and said his civilian government had no tolerance for extremists.

Gilani, speaking to a roundtable of reporters, vowed never to "allow a handful of extremist bigots and terrorists to represent our peaceful way of life and inclusive culture."

"We don't want our soil used against any country and neither would we allow somebody else's soil to be used against Pakistan," Gilani said.

Gilani said that Pakistan has already banned some extremist groups and frozen their bank accounts and was seeking more evidence from India against Lashkar-e-Taiba.

"If we have more effective evidence, certainly they will be brought to justice," Gilani said.

But analyst Bruce Riedel, a former CIA officer who led a major strategy review for Obama, said that Lashkar-e-Taiba has "continued to flourish" in Pakistan.

"What makes it so dangerous is that, unlike the mostly Pashtun Taliban, it recruits its followers in the Punjab, the same place where the Pakistani army recruits its officer corps," he wrote in a paper of the Brookings Institution.

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