The main developments in talks on Iran's nuclear programme since 2015 after Tehran gives its response to a "final" draft agreement aimed at restoring a landmark deal with world powers.

- Historic accord -

In 2013, newly elected Iranian president Hassan Rouhani says he is ready for "serious" negotiations on Iran's nuclear programme, following an eight-year stalemate under ultraconservative Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

Rouhani secures support from supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei for efforts to break the deadlock.

On July 14, 2015, Iran and the five permanent members of the UN Security Council -- Britain, China, France, Russia and the United States -- plus Germany reach a historic accord in Vienna.

The deal places significant restrictions on Iran's nuclear programme in exchange for sanctions relief after 12 years of crisis and 21 months of protracted negotiations. It comes into force on January 16, 2016.

Under the accord, Tehran's nuclear programme is placed under strict UN control subject to guarantees it is not trying to make an atom bomb, something Iran has always denied.

- Trump pulls out -

US president Donald Trump walks away from the deal on May 8, 2018.

"We cannot prevent an Iranian nuclear bomb under the decaying and rotten structure of the current agreement," he says.

Deal critics had complained from the start about the time limits applied to the deal.

Later in 2018, Washington begins reimposing sanctions on Iran and companies with ties to it, hitting the central bank and the country's vital oil sector.

Major international firms halt activities in the country.

- Iran walks back -

In May 2019, Iran starts rolling back its commitments in retaliation.

Trump hits back by sanctioning Iran's steel and mining sectors.

Tehran increases its stockpile of enriched uranium in excess of the limits laid down in the deal.

It announces in early 2020 it is foregoing a limit on its number of uranium-enriching centrifuges.

In 2021, Iran says it has started enriching uranium to up to 60 percent -- many times the limit of 3.67 percent imposed by the deal -- and closer to weapons-grade.

- Vienna talks -

In April 2021, with President Joe Biden now in the White House, talks on rescuing the accord start in Vienna.

Iran's new ultraconservative president, Ebrahim Raisi, says in August he is open to negotiations but will not be pressured by sanctions.

Talks resume in November.

- Compromise 'close' -

Just as a deal looks close, Russia invades Ukraine on February 24, 2022 and Moscow becomes the target of international sanctions.

Around mid-March, the EU says talks are suspended.

Days later both Washington and Tehran say a compromise is "close", but differences remain.

- New US sanctions -

On March 30, Washington sanctions suppliers to Tehran's ballistic missiles programme, which Iran dubs "another sign of the US government's malice" towards the Islamic republic.

- Nuclear watchdog raps Iran -

On June 8, the IAEA adopts a resolution submitted by Britain, France, Germany and the United States that condemns Iran for the first time in two years.

Iran responds by removing surveillance cameras at nuclear facilities.

On June 16, Washington sanctions a network of Iranian petrochemical firms.

- 'No progress' at Qatar talks -

In late June, two days of EU-brokered indirect talks in Doha between Iran and the United States conclude with no progress.

- Return to Vienna -

On July 26, EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell says he has submitted a draft text of a deal, urging parties to accept it or "risk a dangerous nuclear crisis".

On August 4, negotiators gather for fresh talks.

On August 7, Iran demands that the UN nuclear watchdog "completely" resolve outstanding issues related to questions over nuclear material at undeclared sites.

- 'Final' draft agreement -

The next day Iran says it is examining a "final text" presented by the European Union.

On Tuesday Iran says it has replied to the text, which was delivered late Monday.

The US and EU say they are studying Tehran's response.

Iran's official IRNA news agency reports that "an agreement will be concluded if the United States reacts with realism and flexibility" to Iran's response.

Related Links
Learn about nuclear weapons doctrine and defense at SpaceWar.com
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Learn about the Superpowers of the 21st Century at SpaceWar.com

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