India and Pakistan have fought three wars since independence in 1947, two over the Himalayan territory of Kashmir -- also known as Jammu and Kashmir. They each hold part of the region but claim it in its entirety.

"Talks between Pakistan and India have started at the foreign office," a Pakistani foreign ministry official said on condition of anonymity.

Foreign ministry spokeswoman Tasnim Aslam said late Monday that there were "two specific issues before them which they will discuss. These are (the) Jammu and Kashmir dispute and peace and security."

The three-year-old peace process has reduced mutual suspicion through a series of "confidence-building measures" including establishing transport links, but it has moved at a snail's pace.

It suffered a near-fatal blow in July 2006 when India accused Pakistan's military spy agency and Pakistan-based Islamic militants of involvement in train blasts in the Indian commercial hub of Mumbai which killed 186 people.

Yet India and Pakistan pushed ahead with a meeting of their foreign ministers last month after the firebombing of a "Friendship Express" train running between the two countries.

In an echo of previous Pakistani statements urging India to take a more proactive approach, Aslam said it was "important" to move forward on the Kashmir issue from confidence-building measures to actual dispute resolution.

"We believe that an early resolution of the Jammu and Kashmir issue will pave the way for durable peace in this region and bring about greater cooperation in South Asia," she said.

Meanwhile Aslam said Pakistan had made proposals concerning the nuclear and conventional military balance between the neighbours, who conducted tit-for-tat atomic weapon tests in May 1998 and still test-fire missiles.

The countries are also expected to finalise agreements on the rapid return of inadvertent border crossers, the relaxation of visa rules and meetings between border officials, Aslam said.

Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh told lawmakers Thursday peace talks with Pakistan had brought "positive results."

The two countries earlier this month held their first meeting of a panel set up to fight terrorism jointly and agreed to share information.

Apart from their three wars since 1947 including one over Bangladesh, they massed troops at the border in 2002 after militants attacked the Indian parliament.

India blamed the attack on Pakistan-backed insurgents opposed to New Delhi's rule in revolt-hit Indian Kashmir.

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