Russia on Tuesday called on Ukrainian forces to "immediately" lay down arms and issued a new ultimatum for the defenders of the besieged port city of Mariupol to give up.

The Russian defence ministry's warning came after Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky announced late on Monday the start of a new offensive by Moscow that is focused on the east of the former Soviet state.

"We once again call on the Kyiv authorities to show reason and give the corresponding orders to fighters to cease their senseless resistance," the Russian defence ministry said in a statement.

"But, understanding that they will not get such instructions and orders from the Kyiv authorities, we call on (the fighters) to voluntarily take this decision and to lay down their arms."

The statement made no direct mention of a new ground offensive in eastern Ukraine.

But Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu confirmed that his forces were "gradually implementing our plan to liberate" eastern Ukraine.

"We are taking measures to restore peaceful life," he said in a televised meeting with Russian military commanders.

Some of the heaviest fighting of the Russian campaign has focused around the strategic Sea of Azov port city of Mariupol.

The port offers a land bridge between Moscow-controlled parts of eastern Ukraine and the Kremlin-annexed peninsula of Crimea.

The Russian defence ministry said Ukrainian forces still holed up inside the devastated city's main metallurgical plant were facing a "catastrophic situation".

"The Russian armed forces once again offer the nationalist battalions and foreign mercenaries a chance to stop all military activity and to lay down their arms, starting at noon," the Russian ministry said.

"Everyone who lays down their arms will be guaranteed survival."

But Donetsk rebel commander Eduard Basurin said separatist "shock troops" had already launched an assault on the plant.

"The Russian Federation is really helping us with this, providing aerial and artillery support," Russian news agencies quoted Basurin as saying.

Basurin also rejected the idea that civilians may still be trapped in the industrial zone.

"There are no civilians there now," he was quoted as saying.

New 'phase' of Ukraine war as Russia attacks east
Kramatorsk, Ukraine (AFP) April 19, 2022 - Moscow launched dozens of air strikes across eastern Ukraine overnight, its defence ministry said Tuesday, with Russia's top diplomat acknowledging "another phase" of the conflict was beginning as fighting raged in the Donbas region.

Russia's defence ministry said that "high-precision air-based missiles" had hit 13 Ukrainian positions in parts of the Donbas while other air strikes "hit 60 military assets", including in towns close to the eastern frontline.

Ukraine's armed forces also confirmed that fighting had increased throughout the east, just hours after President Volodymyr Zelensky said Russia had kicked off the widely anticipated offensive in Ukraine's industrial heartland.

"The Russian occupiers intensified offensive operations along the entire line of contact," the general staff of Ukraine's armed forces said in a report published early Tuesday.

Russia's Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov appeared to acknowledge the new offensive during an interview with a leading Indian media outlet.

"Another phase of this operation is beginning and I am sure it will be a very important moment in this entire special operation," Lavrov told India Today on Tuesday.

Ahead of the advance, Ukrainian authorities had urged people in Donbas to flee west to escape, even as officials called off evacuations for a third straight day from frontline cities due to ongoing fighting.

"No matter how many Russian soldiers are brought here, we will fight. We will defend ourselves," Zelensky said on Telegram late Monday.

- 'Bombed everywhere' -

Russian President Vladimir Putin has said he launched the so-called military operation on February 24 to save Russian speakers in Ukraine from a "genocide" carried out by a "neo-Nazi" regime.

But in the Donbas town of Novodruzhesk, Nadya, 65, said "we are bombed everywhere".

"It's a miracle that we're still alive," she said, her voice trembling.

"We were lying on the ground and waiting. Since February 24 we've been sleeping in the cellar."

Control of Donbas and the besieged port of Mariupol would allow Moscow to create a southern corridor to the Crimean peninsula that it annexed in 2014, and deprive Ukraine of much of its coastline and a major revenue resource.

In the south, Russia continued its push to capture the besieged port city of Mariupol, as Moscow issued a fresh call for the city's defenders to surrender and announced the opening of a humanitarian corridor for Ukrainian troops who agreed to lay down their arms.

During an interview broadcast on CNN Tuesday, Pavlo Kyrylenko -- who oversees the Donetsk region's military administration -- said Mariupol remained contested.

"The Ukrainian flag is flying over the city," said Kyrylenko. "I can't say the Russians are controlling them. It is just these streets are sustaining heavy fighting."

- $800 million boost -

The first shipments of a new $800-million (740 million euros) US military aid package had begun to arrive at Ukraine's borders this week, for use against Russian forces.

Washington was due to hold a video meeting with allies Tuesday to discuss the conflict in Ukraine, even as it increasingly provoked the ire of Moscow.

"The United States and Western states under its control are doing everything to drag out the military operation for as long as possible," said Russia's defence chief Sergei Shoigu in a televised meeting with his military commanders.

"The growing volume of foreign weapons supplies graphically demonstrate their intention to provoke the Kyiv regime to fight to the last Ukrainian."

- 'Seismic waves' -

While much of the focus has remained in Ukraine's east, Moscow has also targeted the country's west with air strikes, killing at least seven people in the city of Lviv near the Polish border on Monday.

Lviv has largely been spared bombardment since Russia invaded on February 24, and the city and its surroundings had become a haven for those seeking safety from the war zone.

But even as strikes continued to hit targets across the country, the east appeared to be Russia's primary focus.

The regional governor of the eastern Lugansk region Sergiy Gaiday said Ukrainian forces continued to hold their ground amid heavy fighting.

"We have positional battles in the cities of Rubizhne and Popasna. The enemy cannot do anything though. They are losing people and equipment there," Gaiday said.

"Our guys are shooting down drones there. Shooting down planes on the border of the Lugansk and Kharkiv regions, so they are holding on," he added.

Later Tuesday, the UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres denounced Russia's ongoing offensive as he issued calls for a four-day truce to mark Orthodox Holy Week.

"The intense concentration of forces and firepower makes this battle inevitably more violent, bloody and destructive," said Guterres as he called for a "humanitarian pause" from Holy Thursday until Easter Sunday on April 24.

As fighting raged, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) published a grim forecast for the warring nations on Tuesday, while also predicting the conflict would drag down the global economy -- hitting poorest nations the hardest.

"The economic effects of the war are spreading far and wide -- like seismic waves that emanate from the epicenter of an earthquake," said IMF chief economist Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas.

The report predicted Ukraine suffering a 35 percent collapse of its economy this year, while Russia's GDP will drop 8.5 percent -- more than 11 points below the pre-war expectations.

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Air strikes hit western Ukraine as Russia forces mass in the east
Lviv, Ukraine (AFP) April 18, 2022
Air strikes killed at least six people in Ukraine's western city of Lviv on Monday, as Russia pounded targets across the country while massing forces for an expected all-out assault in the east. The "powerful" air strikes in the west came hours after President Volodymyr Zelensky accused Moscow of wanting to "destroy" the entire eastern region of Donbas near the border with Russia. During its latest briefing, Russia's defence ministry said it had hit over a dozen military targets with air strik ... read more